The amulets of the Amazons of Ouidah, known as bo des agoojiée, represent far more than mere museum artifacts. These objects, preserved at the musée du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac, are at the heart of a profound reflection on the masculine and colonial domination that influenced the constitution of museum collections, as well as on the contemporary dynamics of cultural restitution.
A Forgotten War and the Gathering of Amulets
The story of these amulets begins during the forgotten war of 1890. This tumultuous period was marked by conflicts that led to the collection of these precious objects, symbols of power and protection of the Amazons of Abomey. These warrior women, or agoojiiée, weren't only formidable fighters; they also embodied a subversion of gender, defying the masculine norms of their time.
From Exhibition to Restitution
The amulets crossed the seas, moving from battlefields to museum exhibitions. Their journey testifies to the complex relationships between former colonies and Western cultural institutions. Today, the restitution of these objects raises important questions about the recognition and appreciation of African heritage. By returning these artifacts, it isn't only about giving back objects but also about restoring the knowledge and memories associated with the current queens and Amazons of Abomey.
The Power of Matrimoines
This research of reconsidering heritage issues through the prism of matrimoines. The knowledge and powers of the agoojiée aren't merely relics of the past; they're living elements of Benin's contemporary cultural identity. By reintegrating these amulets into their original context, we acknowledge the continuity and vitality of these feminine traditions.
Conclusion: A Heritage to Rediscover
Through the analysis of the amulets of the Amazons of Ouidah, this study paves the way for a broader reflection on the role of museums and collections in the preservation and restitution of cultural heritage. Objects aren't mere witnesses of the past; they are vectors of memory and knowledge that continue to influence the present. Ultimately, the restitution of the agoojiée amulets is a fundamental step towards the recognition and celebration of women's contributions to the history and culture of Benin.
Practical Travel Advice for Ouidah
When planning your visit to the historical and Vodun sites of Ouidah, it is essential to keep a few practical considerations in mind. The city is best explored with a local certified guide who can provide accurate historical context and help you work through the delicate customs surrounding active shrines and sacred spaces. Always ask for permission before taking photographs of individuals, shrines, or during public rituals. Respecting the local communities and their living traditions ensures a mutually beneficial experience. Wearing light clothing and carrying sufficient bottled water will keep you comfortable during your walking tours along the Route of the Slaves and around the historic quarters. For currency, while the West African CFA franc (XOF) is the local currency, carrying small denominations is highly recommended for purchases at local artisanal markets and when tipping local guides.
In addition to these tips, it is important to recognize that exploring Ouidah is a deeply personal path of remembrance for many. Taking the time to absorb the atmosphere of the historic town, engaging in respectful dialogue with local heritage practitioners, and allowing yourself to connect with the physical spaces of memory will make your pilgrimage truly meaningful and unforgettable.
Academic Reference & Citation
If you wish to cite this research in an academic context, please use the following reference:
Saskia Cousin, Sara Tassi, Madina Yêhouétomé. Les amulettes des amazones. Le retour d’un matrimoine oublié ?. Politique africaine, 2022, n° 165 (1), pp.187-220. ⟨10.3917/polaf.165.0187⟩. ⟨hal-04425327⟩
Summary and adaptation proposed by Ouidah Origins.
Related Pillars & Further Reading
Explore on Ouidah Origins: The Portuguese Fort · The Sacred Forest
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