Located on the Atlantic coast, Ouidah is a Beninese city rich in history and cultural traditions. One of the most intriguing aspects of this region is undoubtedly its relationship with African masks. These objects, beyond their aesthetic aspect, are imbued with deep and varied meanings. Tchénando Patrick Noukpo, a researcher at the University of Lorraine, explores this duality in his thesis entitled "African Masks: Identity Heritage in Cultural Diversity between Profane and Sacred Spaces in Benin."
A Complex Cultural Mediation
Noukpo's thesis primarily focuses on the sociology of expertise in cultural mediation. In Benin, although museums and performing arts are shows of cultural heritage, certain masks such as the Egungun and Abikou remain mysteriously absent from these exhibitions. This observation raises questions about the choices of presentation and conservation of masks in cultural institutions.
The Egungun and Abikou Masks
The Egungun and Abikou are particularly significant masks in Beninese culture. The Egungun are often associated with the spirits of ancestors, playing an important role in rituals of commemoration and communication between the world of the living and the dead. As for the Abikou, they're linked to beliefs concerning children born under ominous signs. These masks, by their sacred nature, are rarely exposed to the general public, which fuels the mystery and intrigue surrounding them.
The Role of Cultural Institutions
Museums and cultural venues in Benin find themselves at a crossroads between preserving sacred traditions and the desire to mediate cultural heritage. The challenge lies in balancing respect for traditions with the dissemination of knowledge. Noukpo emphasizes that, for masks such as the Egungun and Abikou, their absence from public exhibitions is often motivated by respect for local beliefs and spiritual implications.
Towards a Better Understanding and Appreciation
Noukpo's study invites reflection on the ways in which cultural heritage is presented and perceived by the public. The emphasis is on the necessity of cultural mediation that respects sacred beliefs while allowing for greater accessibility and understanding of traditions. Through well-thought-out mediation, visitors can be educated on the richness and complexity of African masks, while respecting local cultural sensitivities.
African masks in Ouidah, between profane and sacred spaces, aren't only art objects but also living symbols of Beninese cultural heritage. Tchénando Patrick Noukpo's research is important for understanding and appreciating this unique heritage, while of respectful and enlightened cultural mediation.
Academic Reference & Citation
If you wish to cite this research work in an academic context, please use the following reference:
Tchénando Patrick Noukpo. African Masks: Identity Heritage in Cultural Diversity between Profane and Sacred Spaces in Benin. Sociology. Université de Lorraine, 2020. French. ⟨NNT: 2020LORR0275⟩. ⟨tel-03208608⟩
Summary and adaptation proposed by Ouidah Origins.
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