At the heart of the complex history linking Benin and Brazil, the Agudàs, or "Brazilians of Benin," hold a unique position. This community, whose identity is shaped by historical exchanges across the Atlantic, is the subject of a fascinating thesis conducted by Joao de Athayde at the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne.
A Historical Return: The Agudàs
The Agudàs are the descendants of slave traders and former Brazilian slaves who returned to West Africa, notably to present-day Benin, Togo, and Nigeria, throughout the 19th century. Their return wasn't merely a physical journey but a quest for cultural and identity reclamation. In Ouidah, an emblematic city of Benin, this community has asserted its presence by integrating elements of Brazilian culture into their local practices.
Cultural Markers of the Agudàs
The identity of the Agudàs is rooted in evocations of their Brazilian origins. This is manifested through language, religion, architecture, and, of course, dance. For instance, the bourian, a dance inherited from Brazil, has become a symbol of their identity. This dance isn't merely entertainment but a means of intergenerational communication, conveying narratives of resistance and resilience.
The Impact of the Agudàs on Ouidah
The influence of the Agudàs in Ouidah is notable. Their heritage is reflected in unique architecture, blending African and Brazilian styles, and a rich culinary tradition that marries flavors from both continents. Their presence has also strengthened cultural and economic ties between Benin and Brazil, with exchanges that continue to enrich both cultures.
Identity Challenges and Circulations
Joao de Athayde highlights in his thesis the complex identity challenges faced by the Agudàs. They oscillate between preserving their Brazilian heritage and integrating into the Beninese social fabric. This duality is central to their existence, sometimes generating tensions but also opportunities for intercultural dialogue.
Conclusion
The study of the Agudàs of Ouidah offers us a unique perspective on how cultural identities can be shaped and redefined across time and space. This journey between Benin and Brazil, between past and present, invites deep reflection on heritage and identity. Thanks to the work of researchers like Joao de Athayde, this story continues to illuminate contemporary cultural dynamics.
Academic Reference & Citation
If you wish to cite this research in an academic context, please use the following reference:
Joao de Athayde. Bourian or the Dance of the Masters. Circulations and Identity Challenges of the Agudàs, the Brazilians of Benin. Social Anthropology and Ethnology. Aix-Marseille Université, 2018. French. ⟨NNT : ⟩. ⟨tel-02116276⟩
Summary and adaptation proposed by Ouidah Origins.
Related Pillars & Further Reading
Explore on Ouidah Origins: The Brazilian Legacy · The Zomachi Quarter · The Afro-Brazilian Cathedral
External sources:
from research to reality
wish to deepen this research on the ground? our concierges organize tailor-made academic and cultural visits to Ouidah, in strict respect of traditions.